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Objective To understand the prevalence and risk factors of metabolic syndrome (MS) among different ethnic groups. Methods A multicenter cross-sectional survey was conducted. Subjects were selected by multistage stratified random sampling. Physical examination and laboratory testing were performed to collect MS related indicators, and the prevalence was standardized by the 6th general survey data. Further multivariate and logarithmic linear model methods were applied to analyze the risk factors and interaction. Results The overall prevalence of MS was 19.58%. The highest prevalence of MS was in Korean, followed by Han, while the lowest was in Kazakh. The rates of MS, overweight and obesity were higher in men than those in women, and increased along with age. Multivariate analysis result showed that the odds ratio (OR) of female to male was 0.556, and aging increased the risk of MS. The OR of central obesity was 2.765, and would reach to 4.259 when the waist-to-body ratio was over 0.52. The logarithmic linear model showed that the overweight/obesity, hyperglycemia, hypertension and dyslipidemia had independent effects on the risk of MS. Also, there were interactions in the four indicators. Conclusions The incidence of MS is high and the positive interaction between the overweight/obesity, hyperglycemia, hypertension and dyslipidemia is observed, making MS a common crisis to clinical and public health. In order to prevent and control MS, and to reduce the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and diabetes, early screening of MS should be strengthened and lifestyle intervention should be carried out.
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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the protective effects of metformin hydrochloride (MF) on osteoblasts which were exposed to constant high glucose condition, and the relationship between MF and the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ. METHODS: Mouse cranium osteoblasts were cultured in vitro and divided into 5.5 mmol · L-1 normal glucose +0 μmol · L-1 MF group, 25 mmol · L-1 high glucose with different concentration of MF (0, 25, 50, 100 μmol · L-1 MF, respectively) and intervened for 1,2 and 3 w, then the mRNA expression levels of PPARγ and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 were detected by RT-PCR, and the protein expression levels of PPARγ was examined by Western blot. RESULTS (1)The mRNA expression levels of PPARγ was marked higher in high glucose group compared to the control group with the same intervene time (all P < 0.05); when the intervention time prolonged to 3w, the protein expression of PPARγ increased significantly (P < 0.05); the mRNA expression levels of BMP-2 in the high glucose group was lower than in the control group (all P < 0.05). (2)At the same intervening time, the expression of PPARγ mRNA decreased while BMP-2 mRNA increased (all P < 0.05) with the increasing concentration of MF (from 0 μmol · L-1 to 100 μmol · L-1); when the intervention time prolonged from 1w to 3w, the mRNA expression levels of PPARγ increased in all the high glucose groups while the mRNA expression levels of BMP-2 decreased (all P < 0.05). (3)When interviewed for 3w, the protein expression of PPARγ decreased gradually with the increasing concentration of MF in high glucose condition (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Pathological concentration of glucose could lead to poorly differentiated of osteoblasts, which might association with the enhanced mRNA and protein expression levels of PPARγ; MF can protect osteoblasts by restraining the expression of PPARγ.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the relationship between body fat and beta-cell function in obesity women of Pi-deficiency with phlegm-dampness type (PDPD) and qi-stagnancy with phlegm-blocking type (QSPB).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty women, who had normal blood glucose level and without family history of diabetes, were enrolled. They were classified into non-obesity group and obesity group depending on their body mass index (BMI), and subjects of obesity group were differentiated into the PDPD type and QSPB type according to Chinese medicine syndrome differentiation. The body fat was detected using double energy X-ray absorptiometry, and the beta-cell function was assessed by measuring the acute insulin response (AIR), the under insulin curve area (AUCins), the under glucose curve area (AUCglu), and their ratio (AUCins/AUCglu), through intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>BMI, body fat and waist circumference (Wf) were higher in obesity subjects than those in non-obesity subjects, but showed no significant difference between the two obesity types. Comparisons between obesity women of different types showed that the fat content of trunk and total body, the ratio of trunk fat/total mass, AIR, AUCins, and AUCins/AUCglu were all higher in QSPB than those in PDPD. AIR, AUCins, AUCins/AUCglu showed good correlation with BMI, Wf, trunk fat and total body fat contents. Multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated the increasing of trunk fat content was an influencing factor of AIR.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Obesity women of QSPB type possess higher body fat (especially the trunk fat) content and insulin resistance with high acute insulin response, so clinical intervention should dominantly pay attention to subjects with QSPB type of obesity.</p>